Friday, November 29, 2019

The Truth Behind William Shakespears Hamlet Essay Example For Students

The Truth Behind William Shakespears Hamlet Essay The Truth Behind William Shakespeare’s Hamlet â€Å"A Tragedy must not be the spectacle of a perfectly good man brought from prosperity to adversity. For this merely shocks us†-Aristotle-300bc (pg. 229,Shakespearean criticism, vol. 3)Thesis: William Shakespeare, one of the greatest dramatists in the world, has been famous and well known since the early 1600’s. Some of his greatest works have been reproduced hundreds of times. He wrote poems, sonnets, plays, tragedies, histories, and comedies. Hamlet is one of Shakespeare’s most famed and remembered tragedies. All of Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies have tragic heroes and several dark, disturbing endings. This pattern also includes Hamlet. The play of Hamlet is completely based on deception, lies, selfishness, and fear. During this essay, I will specify key incidents throughout the play to prove that tragic heroes have tragic endings, that had the truth been told time and again than many deaths could have been prevented. Also how Shakespeare places Ophelia in the wrong era, and about miscommunications can affect peoples out look on life. We will write a custom essay on The Truth Behind William Shakespears Hamlet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now All of Shakespeare’s tragic heroes also have tragic endings. Hamlet, for example, cannot let go of his father’s death; therefore trapping him in a time warp or parallel universe he created himself in his own mind â€Å"He kept pretending he was insane even after he was sure that Claudius killed his father (Pg. 1, The Tragedy of Hamlet, unknown).† Had Hamlet not gone insane in the first place, maybe he would not have died or had his stepfather attempt to kill him.If only Hamlet had told others aside from Horatio the truth about him knowing of his fathers murder than perhaps Hamlet may have had some hopes of survival. Yet right off the bat the play is opened with two immediate lies: one, Hamlet’s father was murdered by his brother, not of natural causes; two, Hamlet learns the truth and also tells no one of it or that he is just pretending to be crazy. Hamlet lies, his uncle lies, Ophelia lies, Ophelia’s father Polonius lies to her, Laertes, Hamlet’s friend’s lie to him, the priest lies at Ophelia’s burial, and even his mother Gertrude lies of her love to the uncle/husband Claudius. Every one lies about something significant in the duration of the play. All of the characters lost their true love, sanity, families, and worst of all, they lost themselves. In the end, no one won accept Fortinbras. George Stubbes states that in all of his (Shakespeare’s) noble passions, the female characters are out of their timelines. They do not fit into their surroundings with the women of the period that they are supposed to be written in. In Shakespeare’s plays, â€Å"almost all his young women (who are designed as good characters) are made to behave with modesty and decency peculiar to those times, and which are of such pleasing simplicity as seem too ignorant and unmeaning in our well taught knowing age †. (George Stubbes, Shakespearean Criticism, Vol. 1, Pg. 76). Yes, Ophelia does carry those characteristics. She behaves like a well-educated, respected women, and as a crazy whore in others. Shakespeare places her in one extreme to the next; than he has her commit suicide due to her fathers death and or perhaps due to what she thinks is the loss of her true love Hamlet. No one really knows for sure. Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch quotes Aristotle numerous times to make it clear how he feels about Shakespeare’s tragedies. â€Å"A hero of Tragic Drama must, whatever else he miss, engage our sympathy; that, however gross his error or grievous his frailty, it must not exclude our feeling that he is a man like ourselves† -Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch. Some also say Shakespeare used a lot of miscommunication in his tragedies to insure the downfall of the hero. I believe if Hamlet would have just told his mother straight forward how he felt and what he knew for a fact about the death of his father then maybe he too would be alive. Instead he yells at her â€Å"frailty thy name is woman!† (14 Act 1 Scene 2 Line 146), and never really fills her in on the truth. Ophelia may not have killed her self if she only knew how Hamlet really felt about her. Hamlet never just told Ophelia his love was real and she never asked about what her father told her when stating he didn’t love her and accused Hamlet of using her. â€Å"I loved Ophelia. Forty thousand brothers could not with all their quantity of love make up my sum†(131 Act 5 Scene 1 Line 272)- to bad she never really knew and that neither did their families till the end. .u15239924c50bb60b388282671318943b , .u15239924c50bb60b388282671318943b .postImageUrl , .u15239924c50bb60b388282671318943b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u15239924c50bb60b388282671318943b , .u15239924c50bb60b388282671318943b:hover , .u15239924c50bb60b388282671318943b:visited , .u15239924c50bb60b388282671318943b:active { border:0!important; } .u15239924c50bb60b388282671318943b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u15239924c50bb60b388282671318943b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u15239924c50bb60b388282671318943b:active , .u15239924c50bb60b388282671318943b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u15239924c50bb60b388282671318943b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u15239924c50bb60b388282671318943b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u15239924c50bb60b388282671318943b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u15239924c50bb60b388282671318943b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u15239924c50bb60b388282671318943b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u15239924c50bb60b388282671318943b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u15239924c50bb60b388282671318943b .u15239924c50bb60b388282671318943b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u15239924c50bb60b388282671318943b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tobacco Companies and thier ethics EssayHamlet is a prime example of a piece of Shakespeare’s finest and most memorable works. During Hamlet the entire family dies and the kingdom is taken over by the enemy. No one lives on to live happily ever after and no one continues the legacy. Hamlet never becomes king, his mother does not see the light until it is to late, Ophelia does not get prince charming and no one wins in the end. The tragedy of Hamlet in the end lead to a tragic, gory ending for all who were involved and Shakespeare never gave any real hope from the get go. All of Shakespeare’s tragedies have the main characters die and every one who is left is unhappy and never the same after the traumatic experience which also is held true in Hamlet. Which all-just goes back to all tragedies have tragic heroes that in turn have tragic endings. Shakespeare had system that worked and he stuck to it, if you observe and really read between the lines in MacBeth and Romeo Juliet, than you will see that all of the basics of the plots are similar and relate. In fact, he was a genius in my opinion to have the ability to camouflage the same basic skeleton of a story and reproduce it repeatedly as something different and new. Shakespeare had a gift to have the ability to just produce the tragedies and teach people a lesson in life of what is wrong. He had the ability to wake people up to the reality of life and what is going on around them. Stephen King stated once in an interview that there are no new stories just, just William Shakespeare’s original masterpieces retold and rewrote. In conclusion, I feel that William Shakespeare is an extr emely talented individual and his writings all have a valuable lesson to be taught. His priceless works will be reproduced and treasured for centuries to come. Bibliography:Citing-Aristotle-Shakespearean Criticism, Vol.3 PG, 229-300bc, Temple High Library-Tragedy of Hamlet-Unknown, HTTP://www.planetpapers.com/count.cgi (If this doesn’t directly work try planet www.papers.com and search for Hamlet)-George Stubbes- Shakespearean Criticism, Vol. 1 PG, 7 (essay date 1813)-Stephen King-interview I saw one day on a program on AE about the top 100 people of the century.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Town Life in Australia essays

Town Life in Australia essays There are three periods in the growth of housing development; the first stage is the Log-hut. Thus also known as the weatherboard cottage, and eventually is taken over by the second and third stage brick and stucco. The log-hut stage is well past its time. The colonists liked to live in their own home on their land, so they take advantage of this by using building societies to borrow money and mortgage loans. Architects are not trained in their field so most houses are more practical than beautiful and most colonists cannot afford to ornament their home and they see it as wasteful to do so. Large houses such, as Manor house and halls were not built in Australia for any less than 10,000 pounds, in England the cost was only 4-5000 pounds, men from England who built there houses wanted to build them exactly the way their houses were in England with flag staffs in their gardens. Flags were a symbol of that the man had character about himself. Most houses that were put up for sale were built poorly and cheaply in Australia, so the seller could make quick profit but within months these houses were ruins. The favourite of houses were built on an oblong block and were found a lot in Adelaide, amongst the middle and upper class society. These houses were usually two stories. Almost every house was detached from another and had its own garden of English fashion, but was hard to maintain in summer due to the heat. Gardens were also hard to maintain due to the high price of labour, so people tended to keep their gardens small. The rich liked to have large garden on their large properties but when they died it was cut up into small blocks and sold off making big profit Land speculation was a feature of Australian life and was difficult to lose money by it. Social relations began talking about family relations between husbands and wi ...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Statement for application to university Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Statement for application to university - Essay Example I could not especially imagine leaving all of my friends and relationships with professors behind. However, I arrived at Illinois Institute of Technology(IIT) which was ranked as one if the top ten overall best Colleges among the United States National University. Being a private university, Illinois Institute of Technology provide a wide variety of science courses. This includes; engineering degree programs, architecture, food process engineering, telecommunication and software engineering. Following discussion with our dean professor, I realized that Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) would be the best college to prepare me for my civil engineering career. I believe that in Illinois Institute of Technology, I will be able to gain first-hand experience through their internships andcampus academic launches and events. I discovered that each year, the campus organizes a launch in which students can showcase their homemade devices as they catapult their invention along the streets of Chicago. In addition, the school provides a technological curriculum where students get distinctive and relevant education in a scientific and technological environment where professional knowledge creation and innovation is advocated and emphasized. In addition, the university has launched a system where students can experience interprofessional projects programs like last year, one of the college’s student launched a perfect power system which basically tried to eliminate costly outages, power disturbances that were power related and alternatively control greenhouse gas secretion. Learning in IIT will make me a graduate not only on a viable job prospect, but also as a well-rounded and learned adult who can make diverse and valuable contributions to my community. Illinois Iinstitute of Technology would be the learning institution for

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Financial Performance of The BEST Pty Ltd Research Paper

Financial Performance of The BEST Pty Ltd - Research Paper Example The culprit can be seen to be the ballooning of expenses. It should be noted that depreciation and amortization registers 165% growth while other selling and administration expense records higher growth of 178%. To make matters worse, finance costs more than tripled at 355% from 2003 to 2007. Turning to the balance sheet accounts of the business organization, it should be noted that the mounting finance costs can be traced to the ballooning of assets which is unmatched by the growth in equity. This indicates that the company's acquisition of asset is financed by the more costly liabilities. Logically, when Best resort to its creditors to finance the acquisition of its assets, it incurs the obligation to pay interest at specific intervals thus boosting its finance cost. The company's cash account grew weakly at 18% during the seven-year period. Table 2 highlights the financial ratios of Best from 2003 to 2007 utilizing the selected data provided. In terms of profitability, the year 2007 saw a decline both in return to assets and return to ordinary shareholders. It should be noted that this decline indicates the company's inability to create net income which adds to shareholder wealth and value to its assets. From the high return of shareholder's equity ratio of .25 in 2006, this slumped to .12 in 2007 meaning that for every dollar invested in the company's stocks, a shareholder gets 12 cents in 2007 compared to the 25 cents in 2006. Asset turnover also declined from 0.53 to 0.47 signaling lower asset utilization and possibly an inability to maximize the company's resources. Profit margin ratio is also in decline from .18 to 0.09. The decrease in profitability ratios from the good performance in 2006 can be an indication of company's difficulty of providing profits to its stakeholders. Consistent with the observation above, the company's debt to asset ratio has steadily increased from 2003 to 2007. In fact, during 207 debts finance 65% of the company's assets leaving only 35% to Best's stockholders. Logically, this will mean that the company is paying off higher interest expenses which is also reflected in its dwindling times interest earned ratio. Conclusion The trend analysis and financial ratio analysis brings out problems in profitability together with the company's riskier resource structure which leads to mounting financial costs. It is recommended that the company particular focus in improving in these aspects through more efficient resource management and managing costs effectively. However, since the analysis is only grounded in the selected financial data at hand, it should also be stressed that it does not show the complete picture. For one, the performance of Best should be benchmarked with its competitors in order to know where it stands. The slower performance in 2007 could also be brought be external factors which are beyond the business organization. Thus, understanding the trends in the business environment will also be important as well. In assessing and evaluating the performance of a company, quantitative and qualitative information should always be utilized hand in hand.

Monday, November 18, 2019

Why do I want to become a U.S Parks Police officer Essay

Why do I want to become a U.S Parks Police officer - Essay Example Moreover, it maintains fairness and accountability in all its endeavors. Personal conduct and ethical behavior constitute its fundamental principles; and as a consequence, it requires all its personnel to maintain the highest standards of conduct (Mission and Value Statement). This extraordinary and truly awe inspiring organization is dedicated to the safeguarding of human life. Furthermore, it provides the excellent service to the public, the Department of the Interior and the National Park Service. Another important feature of this institution is that its personnel hold themselves accountable to each other and the public whom they serve (Mission and Value Statement). The United States Park Police was established in the year 1791, by George Washington, the first president of the US. Its inception was prior to that of the Department of the Interior and the National Park Service. Subsequently, the US Park Police was rendered a branch of the Department of the Interior and the National Park Service. Its jurisdiction extends to all Federal Park Service areas in the US, and specific Federal and State lands. Some of the important areas to which the United States Park Police extends its exemplary services are Washington DC, New York City, San Francisco and the metropolitan areas of California (The United States Park Police). This organization performs several significant duties. For instance, it promotes and implements the objectives and goals of the Department of the Interior and the National Park Service. It achieves this laudable objective by providing exemplary law enforcement, in order to protect human life, national treasures, democratic icons, and natural resources (Mission and Value Statement). I fell under the charm of these blue clad protectors of society at a very early age. Moreover, I had opportunity to see these supermen and superwomen in action, on several occasions.

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Conjunto com bancos de dados relacionais

Conjunto com bancos de dados relacionais Resumo. A programaà §Ãƒ £o orientada a objetos à © utilizada hà ¡ muito tempo em conjunto com bancos de dados relacionais, que à © considerado o padrà £o adotado pelo mercado hà ¡ anos. Entretanto, a passagem de dados de um objeto para uma tabela de um banco de dados relacional, do ponto de vista conceitual, costuma ser incompatà ­vel devido as adaptaà §Ãƒ µes realizadas no modelo relacional para implementar integridades referenciais, facilitar consultas, etc. Por isso, outras tecnologias foram desenvolvidas para tornar a persistà ªncia de objetos em bancos de dados relacional mais natural. Neste trabalho, sà £o apresentadas duas tecnologias com este objetivo: DB4O, que utiliza um banco de dados orientado a objetos, armazenando diretamente a instà ¢ncia da classe no banco de dados e o framework JPA, que mapeia os objetos e seus atributos para suas respectivas tabelas no banco de dados relacional. A ferramenta Eclipse e o banco de dados MySQL foram utilizados para a impleme ntaà §Ãƒ £o das aplicaà §Ãƒ µes neste trabalho. Palavras-chave: JPA, DB4O, Banco de Dados nà £o convencional, Mapeamento Objeto-Relacional, Banco de Dados Orientado a Objeto, MySQL. 1 Introduà §Ãƒ £o 1.1 Motivaà §Ãƒ £o O crescente avanà §o do paradigma de programaà §Ãƒ £o orientado a objetos tornou necessà ¡rio o estudo acerca de novas formas de persistir os dados de um sistema, pois o modelo relacional nà £o à © diretamente compatà ­vel com o paradigma, visto que nà £o foi feito pensando para orientaà §Ãƒ £o a objetos. Existem duas abordagens que sà £o o objeto de estudo deste trabalho para tratar persistà ªncia de dados: bancos de dados orientados a objetos e mapeamento objeto-relacional. Bancos de dados orientados a objetos suportam o armazenamento de objetos complexos, mantendo sua estrutura, ao contrà ¡rio dos bancos relacionais que desconhecem o conceito de objeto. Objetos sà £o abstraà §Ãƒ µes do mundo real e a manipulaà §Ãƒ £o destes à © mais simples de entender quando comparado à  s abstraà §Ãƒ µes de um banco de dados relacional. Embora nà £o seja muito utilizado comercialmente, bancos de dados orientados a objeto và ªm evoluindo bastante, permitindo aplicaà §Ãƒ µes cada vez mais robustas e atuando principalmente nas à ¡reas de manipulaà §Ãƒ £o de objetos complexos como espaciais, som e và ­deo. O mapeamento objeto-relacional justamente serve para mapear os objetos em tabelas de um banco de dados relacional, utilizando todas as vantagens desse banco de dados e sendo transparente para o usuà ¡rio. Isto facilita o trabalho do desenvolvedor e permite uma melhor visualizaà §Ãƒ £o da relaà §Ãƒ £o entre os objetos e as relaà §Ãƒ µes do banco reacional. Este trabalho à © resultado da primeira parte da disciplina ministrada pelo professor Sean W. M. Siqueira no primeiro semestre de 2009. A disciplina trata de bancos de dados nà £o convencionais, e faz parte do currà ­culo de Bacharelado em Sistemas de Informaà §Ãƒ £o da Unirio (Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro) como disciplina optativa da linha de Banco de Dados. 1.2 Objetivo O objetivo deste trabalho à © apresentar duas tecnologias voltadas para o desenvolvimento orientado a objeto (DB4O e JPA) e como realizar suas respectivas implementaà §Ãƒ µes que testam a persistà ªncia em um banco de dados orientado a objeto, mais especificamente o DB4O, e a persistà ªncia utilizando o mapeamento objeto-relacional, atravà ©s do framework JPA. Apà ³s a demonstraà §Ãƒ £o destas duas implementaà §Ãƒ µes, foi realizada uma comparaà §Ãƒ £o entre as duas abordagens, incluindo a abordagem de desenvolvimento tradicional. 1.3 Modelo de classes Para a aplicaà §Ãƒ £o, desenvolvemos o seguinte modelo de classes: 1.4 Estrutura do Relatà ³rio O relatà ³rio està ¡ estruturado em elementos prà ©-textuais, 5 (cinco) capà ­tulos, e elementos pà ³s-textuais. Na primeira parte hà ¡ itens como sumà ¡rio e à ­ndices. Em seguida, està £o os capà ­tulos que està £o brevemente descritos a seguir, e, por fim, os elementos pà ³s-textuais. capà ­tulo 1 explica a motivaà §Ãƒ £o e o objetivo para este trabalho. capà ­tulo 2 apresenta o passo-a-passo para a implementaà §Ãƒ £o de uma aplicaà §Ãƒ £o utilizando a tecnologia DB4O. capà ­tulo 4 apresenta o passo-a-passo para desenvolvimento de uma aplicaà §Ãƒ £o utilizando o framework JPA. capà ­tulo 4 apresenta as conclusà µes do presente trabalho, comparando as tecnologias envolvidas. capà ­tulo 5 apresenta as referà ªncias bibliogrà ¡ficas. 2 Etapas do desenvolvimento de aplicaà §Ãƒ £o utilizando DB4O Este capà ­tulo apresenta o passo-a-passo para desenvolvimento de aplicaà §Ãƒ £o utilizando o DB4O. 2.1 Softwares utilizados Os seguintes softwares foram utilizados para a implementaà §Ãƒ £o dos servià §os. Eclipse JDK 6 2.2 Introduà §Ãƒ £o ao DB4O banco de dados orientado a objetos DB4o à © um software open source de fà ¡cil instalaà §Ãƒ £o e baixa necessidade de recurso, uma vez que ele nà £o à © um SGBD e por isso nà £o possui interface grà ¡fica e outras funcionalidades de gerenciamento. DB4o foi feito para poder ser utilizado em plataformas desktop, celulares, servidores, contanto que o ambiente seja orientado a objetos. Alà ©m disso, ele nà £o exige a necessidade de nenhuma programaà §Ãƒ £o ou ferramenta para mapear a orientaà §Ãƒ £o a objetos para o modelo relacional, pois ele faz uso da orientaà §Ãƒ £o a objetos a seu favor, permitindo que o modelo seja uma representaà §Ãƒ £o fiel do banco de dados. DB4o nà £o possui instalaà §Ãƒ £o. No desenvolvimento realizado, utilizando o Eclipse, a à ºnica aà §Ãƒ £o necessà ¡ria para instalar o DB4o foi importar o arquivo .jar como uma biblioteca para o eclipse. Apà ³s isso, os pacotes com os objetos necessà ¡rios para persistir os dados no DB4o està £o prontos para serem utilizados. Como o DB4o nà £o necessita de mapeamento, tambà ©m nà £o necessita de modelo là ³gico e fà ­sico, visto que ele à © totalmente baseado na orientaà §Ãƒ £o a objetos, logo, o banco segue o modelo de classes. 2.3 Metodologia de desenvolvimento Para realizar o desenvolvimento da aplicaà §Ãƒ £o, primeiro define-se as classes POJO (Plain Java Object). Os objetos que serà £o armazenados no DB4O sà £o pertencentes a essas classes de objetos implementadas no inà ­cio do desenvolvimento. Depois, desenvolve-se uma classe que permite inserà §Ãƒ £o, consulta, alteraà §Ãƒ £o e exclusà £o de objetos do banco. Para isso, à © necessà ¡rio importar diversas bibliotecas externas pertinentes ao desenvolvimento para DB4O e tambà ©m abrir o arquivo onde os objetos serà £o armazenados, instanciando um objeto da classe ObjectContainer, que representarà ¡ o banco de dados. Para inserà §Ãƒ £o de objetos no DB4O, utilizamos o mà ©todo set da classe ObjectContainer, que armazena um objeto passado como parà ¢metro no DB4O. Para consulta de objetos no DB4O utilizamos o mà ©todo QueryByExample, que utiliza um objeto passado como parà ¢metro como exemplo e busca o objeto semelhante no DB4O. O resultado à © armazenado em uma varià ¡vel do tipo ObjectSet. Para alteraà §Ãƒ £o de objetos no DB4O à © necessà ¡rio consultar o objeto que se deseja alterar e armazenà ¡-lo em um objeto da classe desejada. Depois, alterar os dados atravà ©s do mà ©todo set definido na classe POJO e colocar no DB4O atravà ©s do mà ©todo store, definido na classe ObjectContainer. Para a deleà §Ãƒ £o de objetos no DB4O à © necessà ¡rio consultar o objeto que se deseja remover e utilizar o mà ©todo delete, definido na classe ObjectContainer. 2.4 Passo a passo para implementaà §Ãƒ £o de uma aplicaà §Ãƒ £o utilizando o DB4O O DB4O consiste em um arquivo .jar apenas, entà £o o primeiro passo (apà ³s realizar o download do DB4O) à © verificar qual .jar utilizar. Nesse caso, utilizamos o DB4o-7.4-java5.jar, pois à © o indicado para que utiliza o JDK 5 ou 6. 3 Etapas do desenvolvimento de aplicaà §Ãƒ £o utilizando JPA Este capà ­tulo apresenta o passo-a-passo para desenvolvimento de aplicaà §Ãƒ £o utilizando o framework JPA. 3.1 Softwares utilizados Os seguintes softwares foram utilizados para a implementaà §Ãƒ £o dos servià §os. Eclipse Ganymede versà £o 3.4.0 (possui OpenJPA nativo) JDK 1.5 Hibernate MySQL 3.2 Introduà §Ãƒ £o ao JPA O Java Persistence API (JPA) à © um produto implementado pela SUN, especificado para oferecer uma persistà ªncia transparente de objetos Java. O OpenJPA à © uma implementaà §Ãƒ £o disponibilizada como software livre, desenvolvida pela Apache Software Foundation baseada no JPA produzido pela SUN. O JPA define um padrà £o de mapeamento dos objetos do modelo orientado a objetos para o modelo relacional, trazendo as vantagens dos dois mundos: a programaà §Ãƒ £o orientada a objetos, paradigma consagrado de desenvolvimento e os bancos de dados relacionais, igualmente consagrados em termos de utilizaà §Ãƒ £o e desempenho. Alà ©m disso, a tecnologia possui amplo suporte pela maioria dos das grandes empresas do mercado: Apache, Oracle, BEA, JBoss. As camadas que compà µe o framework para o mapeamento objeto-relacional utilizando JPA podem ser visualizadas na Figura 14: O JPA provà ª uma API simples e padronizada de persistà ªncia para Java SE e Java EE. Essa padronizaà §Ãƒ £o permite a modularizaà §Ãƒ £o do provedor JPA que à © oferecido em diversas versà µes por và ¡rios desenvolvedores, dando a opà §Ãƒ £o de escolha o usuà ¡rio final. A padronizaà §Ãƒ £o da tecnologia permite o aumento da produtividade e o uso de anotaà §Ãƒ µes (Annotations) simplifica a configuraà §Ãƒ £o das entidades. Seus objetos sà £o baseados em classes POJO (Plain Old Java Objects) e sua implementaà §Ãƒ £o oferece suporte a heranà §a e polimorfismo. O JPA à © compatà ­vel com a linguagem de consulta Java Persistence Query Language (JP-QL) que utiliza uma sintaxe prà ³xima a SQL, porà ©m à © voltada para consulta de entidades e suas propriedades, criando independà ªncia em relaà §Ãƒ £o à   modelagem fà ­sica do banco de dados. A JPQL à © capaz de realizar consultas està ¡ticas (named queries) e consultas dinà ¢micas e permite a construà §Ãƒ £o de consultas complexas. Portanto, o JPA à © uma soluà §Ãƒ £o completa para mapeamento e persistà ªncia de objetos, sendo composto pelo modo declarativo de descrever mapeamento O/R, linguagem de consulta e recursos para manipulaà §Ãƒ £o de entidades. 3.3 Metodologia de desenvolvimento Apà ³s a definià §Ãƒ £o do modelo relacional, desenvolvem-se as classes POJO referentes as tabelas no banco de dados. Entà £o se insere as anotaà §Ãƒ µes (annotations) que declaram que a classe possui uma respectiva tabela no banco de dados. Entretanto, ainda à © necessà ¡rio registrar essas classes no arquivo persistence.xml, que serà ¡ utilizado para definir o subconjunto de classes que poderà £o ser gerenciadas. Ao escrever o cà ³digo, deverà ¡ ser instanciada um objeto do tipo EntityManagerFactory passando o arquivo persistence.xml como parà ¢metro. A partir deste objeto, à © criado outro do tipo EntityManager, responsà ¡vel por gerenciar o ciclo de vida das entidades que està £o registradas. Ao iniciar a manipulaà §Ãƒ £o dos objetos, à © necessà ¡rio iniciar uma transaà §Ãƒ £o e entà £o registrar os comandos CRUD para serem executados. Entà £o, ao final, realiza-se o commit ou rollback destas operaà §Ãƒ µes. A Figura 15 resume o fluxo de mapeamento objeto-relacional seguido pelo JPA. 3.4 Passo a passo para implementaà §Ãƒ £o de uma aplicaà §Ãƒ £o utilizando JPA O primeiro passo para iniciar a implementaà §Ãƒ £o de uma aplicaà §Ãƒ £o utilizando o framework JPA à © baixar os arquivos JAR necessà ¡rios para realizar as importaà §Ãƒ µes das classes que serà £o utilizadas no programa. Como serà ¡ utilizado como provedor JPA (Figura 2) o framework de persistà ªncia Hibernate, os seguintes pacotes serà £o necessà ¡rios: Hibernate Core, Hibernate Annotations e Hibernate Entity Manager, que està £o disponà ­veis em http://sourceforge.net/projects/hibernate/files/. No desenvolvimento da aplicaà §Ãƒ £o foram utilizadas as versà µes 3.2.0.GA do Hibernate Core, 3.3.0 GA do Hibernate Annotations e 3.3.1.GA do Hibernate Entity Manager. Cabe salientar que pacotes de outras versà µes do Hibernate podem resultar em falhas e erros inesperados em relaà §Ãƒ £o aos procedimentos realizados neste relatà ³rio. O driver JDBC para o MySQL tambà ©m à © necessà ¡rio e pode ser baixado no site oficial do MySQL, em http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/j/5.1.html. Para o desenvolvimento da aplicaà §Ãƒ £o foi utilizado a versà £o 5.1.7 do driver JDBC para o MySQL. Em posse dos arquivos necessà ¡rios, iniciam-se os passos para o desenvolvimento da aplicaà §Ãƒ £o no Eclipse. 4 Conclusà £o Conforme apresentado, o desenvolvimento utilizando bancos de dados orientado a objetos apresenta diversas facilidades em relaà §Ãƒ £o à   proposta tradicional de desenvolvimento e à   proposta de mapeamento objeto-relacional. Essas vantagens sà £o as seguintes: Modelagem mais real: permite que o seu modelo de classes seja o seu modelo de armazenamento de dados, pois armazena exatamente os objetos como eles foram criados para serem armazenados, sem necessidade de nenhum tipo de transformaà §Ãƒ £o Representaà §Ãƒ £o de dados com formatos varià ¡veis: no relacional, as tuplas precisam ser homogà ªneas e os atributos atà ´micos, enquanto que no OO isso nà £o à © necessà ¡rio. à © possà ­vel ter dados em formatos varià ¡veis. Facilidade de instalaà §Ãƒ £o e utilizaà §Ãƒ £o: à © mais fà ¡cil e rà ¡pido instalar o DB4o do que algum banco de dados relacional, pois nà £o à © necessà ¡rio configurar e criar um banco de dados previamente, nem à © necessà ¡rio realizar um modelo relacional, fà ­sico e là ³gico, pois o prà ³prio modelo de classes à © a representaà §Ãƒ £o dos dados no banco Mas, existem alguns problemas nessa tecnologia. Alguns jà ¡ foram citados anteriormente: Stored procedures: Nà £o existem stored procedures ou triggers, sendo necessà ¡rio programar na aplicaà §Ãƒ £o essas funà §Ãƒ µes, o que pode fazer cair o desempenho do sistema O modelo relacional jà ¡ està ¡ consolidado no mercado, acumulando anos de estudo e aprimoramento, oferecendo bom desempenho, mecanismos de otimizaà §Ãƒ £o, tratamento de concorrà ªncia. 5 Referà ªncias Vasiliev, Yuli, 2008, Querying JPA Entities with JPQL and Native SQL Disponà ­vel em http://www.oracle.com/technology/pub/articles/vasiliev-jpql.html. Apache Software Fundation, Apache JPA Users Guide Disponà ­vel em http://JPA.apache.org/builds/latest/docs/manual/manual.pdf. OLIVEIRA, H.E.M, 2008, JPA Passo a Passo, TDC The Developers Conference 2008 Disponà ­vel em http://www.thedevelopersconference.com.br/arquivos/TDC2008Floripa-jpa-henrique.pdf DB4Objects, DB4O Tutorial Disponà ­vel em: http://developer.db4o.com/files/folders/db4o_74/entry49672.aspx ENGIEL, P., 2008, Comparaà §Ãƒ £o entre as formas de persistir a programaà §Ãƒ £o orientada a objetos

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

my first ride in a cop car :: essays research papers

The first time I rode in a police car was about a year ago in Myrtle Beach. My friend Richard and I were there for about a week before senior week. On about our third day we found a seller of questionable goods and Richard bought some of his merchandise. Little did we know that it would come back to bite us.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On our way back to our hotel Richard, in his eternal wisdom, said, â€Å"Hey I‘ve got it, let’s go get trashed and wander around!† Of course, I’m always one to get along. So I said, â€Å"Okay!†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We met some lovely young ladies, two blondes and a red head, that we had seen earlier on our way to a club and asked them, â€Å"Hey girls, we’re headed out, you wanna come with?† The reply was not what we expected, one of the blondes, Ashlee, I believe, said â€Å"What do you boys plan on doing?† I replied, â€Å"We’re probably gonna go lick shots and do some other stuff.† The red head, Brianna, then says, in a definite Boston accent, â€Å"Why don’t youse guys come wit us to our hotel?† I give Richard a questioning look and say jokingly, â€Å"Hey man, what if they’re rapists?† Rich then gives me an â€Å"are you a dumbass† look and whispers, â€Å"Do I look like I give a fuck?†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While we were headed to the girls’ hotel we saw our â€Å"friend† from earlier. He stopped us and asked, â€Å"Hey’d you guys like the stuff from the other day?† Both of us shook our heads. â€Å"Want to get some more?† this question was followed by a display of his merchandise. Richard said, â€Å"Okay hook us up.† After money exchanged hands we were once again on our way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  About ten minutes later we arrived at the girl’s hotel and went up to their room. As we entered the other blond, he name was Justice, casually says, â€Å"Just ignore the mess.† All of a sudden, I blurt out, in my best gay impersonation, â€Å"Oh my god this is so messy!† when in reality the room was spotless. This out burst gets a very mixed response, I get laughs from the blondes, Ashlee and Justice, but I think Brianna was confused. Richard just hit me and said, â€Å"Shut the hell up man.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After a couple of hours of recreational time, Richard yells at me â€Å"Come on man, we gotta go!† We get up to leave and halfway out the door one of the girls, probably Brianna, calls after us, â€Å"Give us a ring!† I reply, â€Å"Yeah okay.